Sample Essay Composition II - Choosing Between a First Or Second Example

Sample Essay Composition II - Choosing Between a First Or Second ExampleSample essay compositions I and II are often the most popular choices when it comes to writing a full-length essay. These two sample essays have been prepared for beginners, experienced students, and people who are attempting to take the exam for the GRE.One of the best parts about these samples is that they have been prepared by highly experienced tutors. A lot of people are in need of a good teacher, someone to guide them. These tutors have gained enough experience to be able to provide guidance for their students.They have probably done many essays and know what the right ways to do them are. Their sample essays will help you get the attention you need, so you can learn as much as possible about how to write a solid essay. They also let you see what each essay will look like, so you can make sure that they are written correctly.Reading through these samples is a very effective way to learn how to write a good essay. This will help you to see exactly what it takes to create an essay that other people are going to see and learn from. Many students learn from other students and other teachers. Students want to read the work of the instructors that they are trying to emulate.The sample essay I and II contain very detailed explanations of every single idea that you should include in your own essay. They contain a lot of the things that are going to be included in your own essay. This will allow you to focus on one idea at a time and have a better chance of creating a great essay.When you are writing an essay, you are trying to express yourself. You are trying to express everything that you think is important to you. When you are studying a sample, you can get a feeling for what it feels like to write a full-length essay.Writing in this way will allow you to see where you need to cut out, or where you need to go back and add more information. When you are reading through a sample, you can see exactly what is going to be included in your own essay. You can see how much information you should use and how much is too much.It will give you an idea of how it feels to be writing an essay. You can also see what it is like to be writing a review of someone else's essay. By going through these samples, you will be better prepared for your own essay.

Key Pieces of Samples of Introduction Essay Book Reports

<h1> Key Pieces of Samples of Introduction Essay Book Reports</h1> <h2> Samples of Introduction Essay Book Reports Explained </h2> <p>The content in an article ought to be commendable enough for everybody to peruse and savor it. Discovering how to form an article presentation may show up the absolute best beginning for all intents and purposes any understudy who is battling with his scholarly endeavor. Remember that whoever is perusing or denoting your article will have various others, which implies that your exposition should stand out by catching eye from the beginning. A self-presentation article is, in many examples, composed using the main individual outlook. </p> <p>Gather your material together and audit your arrangement and design to see accurately what you are probably going to place in your presentation. You may accept that you must make your presentation first, yet this isn't really obvious, and it isn't generally the most ideal approach to create an incredible presentation. The presentation may have loads of duty however that doesn't show you should perspire composing it. Start with a snare articulation it must hold onto the consideration of the perusers, so they read the entire paper. </p> <p>Examples of presentation for expositions can be discovered all around the web alongside in many manuals generally accessible available. Sadly, as an approach to get a flourishing imprint it isn't adequate to comprehend what an amazing article takes after. Exposition composing gives the data in regards to a specific theme and helps the peruser realize that you're aware of the title that you are expounding on alongside advising the peruser with new information. Composing an exposition may be an irritating, approach that is vexatious. </p> <h2> How to Get Started with Samples of Introduction Essay Book Reports?</h2> <p>Older MacBook PCs can't run certain applications since it's excessively old in spite of the fact that the PC itself works splendidly fine. Word reference presentations are additionally insufficient basically since they are so abused. Scholarly papers need you to decide a particular edge to seek after recorded as a hard copy, which will be the premise of the paper. </p> <p>You may utilize the examples as an establishment for turning out how to write in the appropriate style. Coordinated effort and correspondence The absolute first and it may be the biggest advantage of online life is correspondence. Therefore, you'll be in a situation to form the presentation precisely. Composing a successful presentation can be harsh. </p> <h2> Getting the Best Samples of Introduction Essay Book Reports</h2> <p>If you don't discover how to make an article acquaintance or don't how with make the whole exposition, we can help you with any issue connected to paper composing. Along these lines, composing an article presentation is no doubt one of irrefutably the most fundamental things in a paper as it's the absolute first thing that the peruser experiences. It tends to be dubious yet having the correct information about how to create it can make the procedure simpler for the understudies. On the off chance that you don't have an unrivaled presentation of an article, at that point be set up to dispose of a mess of perusers inside couple of moments when they begin perusing the absolute first line of the paper. </p> <p>Based on the methodology which you may want to seek after, there are specific contemplations about how to form a response paper to a narrative you have to make. You must set up the techniques when you're composing a procedure investigation exposition. Perusing tests of reaction papers is likewise an extra path by which you can undoubtedly figure out how to create a response paper to narrative. Anyway, your response may likewise make a general location to the entire narrative without picking parts. </p> <p>Take a glance at our model prologue to an exposition to get a superior perception of how to best spread out your absolute first passage. Periodically it very well may be trying to discover definitely what data is identified with your presentation till you've composed the piece itself. A self-presentation paper, since the name propose, is a part of article containing the straightforward data about the writer.</p>

Essay Topic With Criteria - 5 Ways to Evaluate Your Essay Topics With Criteria

Essay Topic With Criteria - 5 Ways to Evaluate Your Essay Topics With CriteriaEvaluating your essay topic is a great way to kick start your writing career. It can be a creative and informative process but there are some things you must do that will help you deliver the best writing you have ever had. These tips will help you find what is most important in evaluating your essay topics with criteria.You must pay attention to the quantitative and qualitative points of your topic. They will help you bring together all of the different elements that make up the topic. The more this is considered, the more you will be able to put your essay together.Use any knowledge you have from your schoolwork, work, life, or friends. This is a great idea when it comes to learning about what is most important to the people reading your essay. You will also get a good feel for the type of writing that will help you give them something they will appreciate.One way to present this factual information is to write your essay in the third person. You can use this to support the claims that you want to make and also add to the author voice. You should try to mix facts and opinions to help you evaluate the essay.When it comes to judging a topic, you must consider many things that may come up in the course of writing. People tend to remember opinions so make sure that you take this into consideration. If you feel that you have an opinion, it is better to incorporate this into your topic as well.Be honest in what you are saying. You should make it clear in your essay that you are giving your opinions and should not be afraid to express them. When you write with honesty, you are writing with intelligence and when you write with the fear of criticism, you are actually showing that you lack intelligence. Using this information to guide your evaluation of your essay topics with criteria will definitely help you come up with a quality piece. Remember, if you are planning on having this writing e valuation done, make sure that you know how to evaluate your topic with criteria. Use these five tips and you will be able to write a superior essay.

Gun Control And Gun Violence - 1320 Words

America is known as the land of opportunity, freedom, fast food, and raging numbers of gun violence. According to Mass Shooting Tracker there has been about 367 shootings so far since the year started (Mass Shooting Tracker). This is outrageous considering that in other countries, gun shooting numbers don t even reach a two-digit number. Far too many people have been victims of these unregulated weapons, claiming lives and ripping families apart. There is no safe place from these assault weapons, no movie theater, night club, church, or school. American’s must deal with the fact that any unsuited person is legally allowed to purchase a weapon with the weak regulations we currently have. Assault weapons have been damaging for this country and it s time to change the laws. Gun regulations and laws need to be stricter to make it harder for individuals to purchase guns to prevent any future tragedies from happening. Although people against gun regulations argue that guns are what keeps us safe, there was a study done by New York City cardiologists which states that the U.S. has 88 guns per 100 people, but there are about 10 gun-related deaths per 100,000 people which is more than any of the other 27 developed countries they study (Lupkin). Stating this, how are weapons made for protection, while they are used to kill thousands of people every year? There a various of things that have been banned from the United States because of â€Å"endangerment† to our youth. Kinder eggs areShow MoreRelatedGun Control And Gun Violence1054 Words   |  5 PagesGun control generally refers to policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms (Wikipedia). This is an important definition for citizens, lawmakers, and gun lobbyists to follow over the debate on gun control. As well as the Second Amendment in the constitution which states, â€Å"The right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed†. There has been a debate on whether that specifies within the home or outside of the home. For more thanRead MoreGun Control And Gun Violence1172 Words   |  5 Pagespeople depart from this earth due to gun violence in the US every day. From school children, to victims of domestic violence, to people going about their daily lives, this status quo is unacceptable. On Tuesday January 5th, 2016 President Obama announced that he would send proposals on reducing gun violence in America to Congress. His spokesman, Jay Carney, mentioned that this is â€Å"a complex problem that will require a complex solution.† The ability to own a gun is considered by some a birthright ofRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control726 Words   |  3 PagesI have read were â€Å"Connecticut School Shooting ‘An Attack on America’† by Ted Anthony and â€Å"The Price of Gun Control by Dan Baum. All around I believe these articles were both very interesting and both took different perspectives on the issues of guns in America. Both Anthony and Baum illustrated the different problems that we have in America and our communities with gun control and gun violence. But, they both brought the text together to relate it on a personal level. I enjoyed reading both textsRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control1007 Words   |  5 Pagesshootings and various other methods of gun violence, tens of thousands of people die every year. These gun-related deaths primarily originate from murder and children accidentally shooting themselves. Although those in favor of gun control tend to believe that guns should be terminated completely, the second amendment prevents lawmakers from being able to do so. Therefore, in order to combat these causes, alternative gun control solutions must be made for each one. Gun-related murders can be decreasedRead MoreGun Control And Gun Violence1226 Words   |  5 PagesViolence is every where in the world. In every country, city, town and village there is some form of violence. In my lifetime, there have been countless deaths and injuries due to gun violence. We happen to live in a country where gun violence is among the most prevalent in the world: The United States of America. Today, gun control and gun violence has become a controversial issue in America. The issue for gun control has been debated for a long time, probably ever since they were invented. It isRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control1406 Words   |  6 Pages Gun violence in America is a huge topic of discussion. Many people have heard about this topic on the news or in the newspaper, but have very little knowledge on this ongoing topic. Those who have a lack of information on gun control tend to not feel strongly towards guns or people owning or carrying guns. People that have never been around guns are often scared of them, but the truth is a gun is nothing more than a hunk of metal. For a gun to go off the gun needs a shooter, so should the realRead MoreGun Violence And The Gun Control1253 Words   |  6 PagesGun Violence in America According to CDC, One person is killed by a firearms every 17 minutes, 87 people are killed during an average day, and 609 are killed every week†(CDC). That means gun violence is out of control, and you can be next. In fact, there s been an increase of mass murders occurring everywhere due to guns. Which has brought our attention to the gun violence in our nation. They say guns are for protection, but in reality there seems to be more murder associated with it. There sRead MoreGun Violence : Gun Control And The Violence Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesissue in American society would be gun control and the violence it brings. We live in a time where technology allows news to spread rapidly and every week gun violence crimes seem to be in the news. These crimes start to divide us as a society. â€Å"Each year for the last decade in America, more than 30,000 people have died due to firearms† (Swanson, 2015). From 1968 to 2015, we had about 1.6 million deaths due to firearm related deaths (Swanson, 2015). Gun violence only seems to be getting worse asRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagescaused by gun violence this year. This is an alarming statistic, especially when you consider that 354 mass shootings have contributed to the body count. 1952 of these deaths have been labeled accidental, which is almost as startling as the death toll itself. (@GunDeaths) Gun violence is a problem that is not going to go away unless there is action taken to combat it. A lack of gun education, weak gun regulation, and government indifference towards gun violence in the country has allowed gun violenceRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control1166 Words   |  5 Pagesmany people as the Land of the Free; a Land of Opportunities. There has always been a gun culture in America; however it has also been a gun-control culture. Whenever a devastating mass shooting occurs, such as the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre, a deliberation about gun violence follows suit. Depending on whom you discuss this with, that case is not always true. There are those that are for gun control and those that are against. There are also conspiracy theories that claim that the events

Amazon Leadership Vs Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Amazon, Leadership Vs Management. Answer: Introduction: The report aims to analyze the difference between themanagement skills and the leadership methods of global leading company Amazons owner Jeff Bezos, themanagement strategies of its employees and their performance as well as the challenges that the company faces in competitive world. As the founder chairperson of Amazon.com, Jeff Bezos has been its chief executive officer. With his dynamic vision and passion for reputation, he has built Amazon the worlds largest Internet Sales Company. Beginning as a merchant of books on internet, has expanded to a large variety of products as well as services like audio and video streaming. Amazon is currently the largest provider of cloud infrastructure services (Mattone and Vaidya 2016). The report discusses the impact of leadership andmanagement skill of Bezos, his characteristics effecting current position of Amazon. This report also discusses the impact of Bezos on Amazons future and his success as a boss of Amazon employees. Leadership traits of Jeff Bezos Bezos leader or manager: The people working in any organization may possess leadership skills and encourage others to complete assigned task.Management is something different form leadership but a manger must be a good leader to manipulate the employees for the sake of an organizational up gradation (Bolman and Deal 2017). It is a vague assumption that most of the people believe that managers are different from leaders. Therefore, the managers cannot lead his coworkers and leaders unable to manage. The leader posses the vision of his goal but has no knowledge the possible way to reach the desired destination (Dinh 2014). Similarly, a manager without leadership skills is unable to win trust and engagement with others therefore cannot lead the organization to the target. Above all his actions must include innovation, manipulation and creativity on the one hand and engagement, management on the other (Higgs and Dulewicz 2016). Methods of Bezos: As a leader of the company, Bezos follows some of the unique methods, which has helped the company to reach its current position. Amazon has empty chair tradition, which continuously reminded of the customers existence in the policy making of the company. The leadership trait of Bezos includes component of emotional quotient for all sectors. To the critics this can be proved the companys weakness but having freedom to disagree and state opinion are part of the companys principles. Unlike the other successful leaders, Bezos active imagination and experiment has transformed Amazon to be the worlds largest retail company. He innovates, renovates and sometimes eliminates the whole thing to shape up any policy according to the times needs. Under the management of Jeff Bezos, the company has maintained a strict work culture where the employees performances are assessed constantly. The worker must comment on one anothers performance. The company deploys the method of purposeful Darwinism that is to create struggle among the staffs to uplift performance. The companys foundation and growth has proved that he is a leader more than a manager is. Positive and negative characteristics of Bezos: According to the theory of innovative entrepreneurship, it is the high impact of the research skill of the employees that helps the company discover new ideas and products that the market never imagined. Manifold experiences allow people for thinking diversely and learn new flair (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). New skills lead to improvement of innovative capacity. Working with diverse people and process of solving complex issues can bring a boom in creativity as well as knowledge. Positive characteristics: To Jeff Bezos, experiments lead to innovation, which is the most essential part of the company policy. Experiments continue to surprise and teach more. The more the company experiments with its products, the more it innovates. Amazon always try to find the solutions of the what if questions and therefore casts a clear difference between the inventors and non-inventors (Bao and Chang 2014). Bezos always tried to deconstruct the conventional process of business and find the new perspective to introduce in his business. He found the new and emerging business opportunity provided by the internet and incorporated in his policy thus the biggest bookstore of Earth was founded. It is the process of triggering innovative ideas extracted from enquiry and self-questioning. Jeff Bezos encourages his employees with the motto of focusing on process and not on failure. Experiment with the existing products and the ideas, is the optimum way of implementation of a scheme into reality (Cronin 2014). After Amazon stated to make profits from bookselling, the founder took a risky decision to construct large warehouses throughout the USA. This bet sank the stock prices initially but lifted the company to become the largest discount store online (Nichols and Cottrell 2014). According to Bezos, the failure can teach the right method of experiment and show the needed modification. Bezos points out that most of the tech companies wait for their competitors to introduce new ideas and then try to match up with them. The policy of the owner is to listen to the customers and solve the problems. Therefore, Amazon Web Services has been designed. The main idea working behind it is to follow the customers needs in order to lead the market. It is not about setting targets but selecting the most important things and repeats them so that people purchase. It the business strategy of Amazon that it uses stock options on recruitment. In order to engage and retain the skilled and versatile workers, the company gives them stakes in the companys success (Miniotait? and Bu?i?nien? 2015). The CEO claims that the company has built a right culture for the employees. The employees feel attracted and like the approaches, as they are meaningful as well as energizing. Jeff Bezos believes that when the organization gets larger, there is a tendency of involvement of top executives in decision-making procedures. Amazon follows the idea of making quick decisions by high judgment groups or individuals. Thus, these characteristics have proved to have positive effects o the companys growth and adverse stagnation as well as risks. Negative characteristics: To the critics, the CEO of Amazon does no pay heed to what others think about him. Bezos firmly believes that if the company gives priority to the customers the stock will rise to desired position. Amazon maniacally focuses on the customers that no other company does (Burke 2017). However, this approach of Bezos has its ill effects also. In 2011, a popular newspaper Morning Call published a series documenting the process of treatment of the employees by the company. This reveals that the company pushes the worker to work harder and faster until they quit or were terminated. The documentary also describes how the workers are bound to work in the worst possible conditions. Some of the warehouses lack proper air-conditioning that resulted the workers fall sick. The employees are enraged with the issue of exploitation within the largest online retail company. The New York Times investigated and found though the white-collar employees are happy with the condition of the warehouses and wag es with stock options but somewhere feel a tremendous work pressure (Ritala, Golnam and Wegmann 2014). It is the Darwinian work tradition created by the founder, where no sympathy is shown to the employees facing difficult time or serious illness. The company pays no time off in such cases but punishes for losing focus from the work. This cutthroat work culture was built by Jeff Bezos to prevent the company from being a sluggish bureaucracy. He wants Amazon to have the feelings of start-up therefore has a frantic work pace and pressure intense. Future consequences of Bezos style: Positive effects: Amazon has been reveling its toughness. The founder and CEO of the company assumes the work culture of Amazon intense and friendly but The companys motto reveals work hard and Jeff Bezos often repeats these two words to keep his employees motivated. This uncompromising attitude has played a great role in keeping a retail company with a market capitalization of $250 billion. The most relevant criticism for the companys performance management is on its structure. The system followed by Bezos is based on meritocracy. It is the ideas, which are put into competition and to domination of the best. This competition makes the ground for this unhealthy workplace ambience where each has to outperform the other. Amazons feedback system is created to push the limits of the employees (Holten and Brenner 2015). It is as if a machine to propel to achieve the founders amplifying ambitions. To evaluate the employees performance, the company holds reviews on monthly or weekly basis. Each employee is accountable for his knowledge. It is a lengthy process and exhaustive with discussion which consumes a substantial volume of work hours (Nor house 2015). Therefore, the employees must initiate their own feedbacks and discuss with his team for betterment of his performance without worrying about the negative feedbacks. This will maintain the companys transparency. Negative effects: Now the company has been taking issues depicting that the prevailing work culture needs to tamp down all-toughness-all-the-time attitude because it has left many bruised workers. In a response to an article published in The New York Times, which revealed Bezos hard hitting style of management, the CEO says that in present competitive tech hiring market no company can survive in a soulless workplace where the employees work without passion or love. He also says it is not a culture of Amazon and it is not the reality. The article that describes the condition of the workers in the warehouses says that the company evaluates the personal crises of the employees unfairly. The workers suffering from cancer or miscarriage or even psychological trauma and other personal problems are severely penanced and given lesser time to recover from the crises. To the company, the best persons are chosen for work and such unprofessionalism should not be tolerated. However, Bezos has disagreed with this argument completely and guarantees that the company does not tolerate this kind of callous management styles (Johnston and Marshall 2016). ). The company maintains complete secrecy about the issues regarding the workplace culture they retain. It signs agreement for not speaking to the press about the ambience of the warehouses within. Nick Ciubotariu, an Amazon engineer in his book Linked In, has described that the company always focuses on innovation and customers and no one is compelled to work long and late. The company also does not cull its employees on annual basis. These points contradict completely with many of his colleagues who confirm that the company manages out to reduce a percentage of its workforce annually. The management practices of Amazon have created a haul when the former and current employees have given statements on social media, various websites to compare the strength and weaknesses of the work culture celebrated by Amazon. Some of them the culture is highly demanding but compassionate while others have described feeling hammered by uncompromising demands, ceaseless competition and the companys unreasonably high standards (Van Wart 2014). The ex-employee of Amazon working currently working with Hewlett-Packard Software Americas has termed the company the most toxic place to work at. It is impossible to speak about the intolerable problems to the manager as Bezos urges in his letters to the employees because the executives are themselves facing the same problems. The companys principles of leadership, behavioral guidelines and most importantly the CEOs style has proved to be harmful for the employees (Rivet 2017). The companys has a feedback culture where the employee is encouraged to criticize colleagues ideas and instructed to send secret feedback to their managers (Rossman 2016). This feedback culture is claimed to be too open to abuse the coworkers and it is also used foe weakening the work of others. The nature of the feedback culture prevailed at Amazon is harsher than the cultures adopted at Facebook, Adobe, Google and other innovative companies. Discussing the issues that pose as harm in the reputation of Amazon in the market it is clear that the main problems are centered round the management and employee satisfaction section. The company holds the customers to be the most important but the employees of a company are the driving force (Tourism 2014). Amazon believes in the idea of recruiting people and makes them workaholic and finally cast them aside after they outlive their utility. The future of the company lies on the principles that the company is following at present. It needs to take care more of its employees and empathies with them so that no negative issue can spoil the reputation of Amazon. Bezos right person for Amazon: As previously discussed various personal and characteristic traits of Jeff Bezos has built the empire of Amazon. His ability of decision-making and vision helped the company to be the worlds largest online retail. Over the 20 years, the company has spread throughout the world and has transformed the concepts of retail (Renz 2016). From a balding bookseller to become one of the richest men in the world was not easy. It is his vision to expand into various retail categories, like food, clothes and electrical (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). It has recently developed a cloud computing service, own TV shows and an electronic personal assistant for domestic use. Bezos has accepted various challenges chiefly concerning its workforce. In 2014, Jeff Bezos has named as the worst boss in the world congress of the International Trade Union Confederation. It proves that Bezos represents the inhuman treatment face by the employers working in the North American corporate offices. The New York Times has revealed the employees experiences for Bezos and the condition of the warehouses of Amazon. The company regularly terminates the employees or they themselves quit the job, which they found very much compelling and intolerable. Amazons corporate practices under Bezos dictatorship are termed as stingy. However, this is true that Bezos vision and passion has raised the company at the top and it could not reach the place without the assistance of its employees. It is therefore clear that the CEO must take care of his workers so that it built a healthy relationship as well as atmosphere in the workplace. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it may be deducted that Jeff Bezos, the founder and chief executive officer of Amazon stands solely responsible for the companys growth. His vision and hard work have helped Amazon to be recognized all over the globe. It is his strategies that manipulate the employees to work hard keep on innovating. The leadership skills of Bezos have led the company for 20 years. From selling only books over internet, the company now has verity of offerings for its customers. His management style has paved the way for others. His company enjoys the top position globally. To run the company Bezos has faced various problems among which the employee dissatisfaction is the most severe. The philosophy of performance management is reported to be pressurizing the link between the individual performance and the overall success of the company. Many have misinterpreted the ownership culture and therefore overwhelmed with the responsibilities associated with it. These have proved to be harmful for the companys reputation and employee morale is not doing well in Amazon. References: Bao, T. and Chang, T.L.S., 2014. Why Amazon uses both the New York Times Best Seller List and customer reviews: An empirical study of multiplier effects on product sales from multiple earned media.Decision Support Systems,67, pp.1-8. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cronin, M.J., 2014. Amazon Fast Tracks Transformation. InTop Down Innovation(pp. 49-60). Springer International Publishing. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Higgs, M. and Dulewicz, V., 2016. Developments in leadership thinking. InLeading with Emotional Intelligence(pp. 75-103). Springer International Publishing. Holten, A.L. and Brenner, S.O., 2015. Leadership style and the process of organizational change.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(1), pp.2-16. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Amazons bruising, thrilling workplace.The New York Times,1, pp.20-22. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.New York Times,15, pp.74-80. Mattone, J. and Vaidya, N., 2016. The Six Critical Steps to Transforming Your Culture.Cultural Transformations: Lessons of Leadership and Corporate Reinvention, pp.17-36. Miniotait?, A. and Bu?i?nien?, I., 2015. Explaining authentic leadership work outcomes from the perspective of self-determination theory.Management of Organizations: Systematic Research, (65), pp.63-75. Nichols, A.L. and Cottrell, C.A., 2014. What do people desire in their leaders? The role of leadership level on trait desirability.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.711-729. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Renz, D.O., 2016.The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Ritala, P., Golnam, A. and Wegmann, A., 2014. Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), pp.236-249. Rivet, D.J., 2017. Amazon's Superior Innovation: A Study of Amazon's corporate structure, CEO, and reasons behind why it has become the most innovative company in today's market. Rossman, J., 2016.The Amazon Way: 14 Leadership Principles Behind the World's Most Disruptive Company(Vol. 1). Clyde Hill Publishing. Tourish, D., 2014. Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), pp.79-98. Van Wart, M., 2014.Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. Routledge.

The Novel That I Chose To Do This Report On Was, The Plague, By Albert Essay Example For Students

The Novel That I Chose To Do This Report On Was, The Plague, By Albert Essay The novel that I chose to do this report on was, The Plague, by Albert Camus. It is about a plague that hit the European countries in the middle ages. I chose to describe the literary term of parallelism. Here are some following facts about the storys plot that involve parallelism through the novel.The novel begins at Oran where the plague becomes known. The main character, Dr. Gernard Rieux, is a doctor. In the beginning of the story he finds a dead rat on the floor. Even in those times rats were not found dead on the middle of the floor. This was unusual, but he threw out the rat and forgot about it. Eventually the dead rats began to pile into large masses and burned. Soon after there were some people that got very sick, which made Mr. Rieux very curious. These reports of these ill people and the death of the rats were the beginning of the parallelism for this story.Since Bernard was a doctor he was the first to actually attempt to help one of these sick people. Michael was his fir st patient in this matter. He was the sickest person that the doctor had ever seen. Michael was pale white and vomited often, he hurt so much from the vomiting that he seemed paralyzed. Mr. Rieux tried to help the man the best that he could, but he ended up dying. Michael was the first person to die of this illness. After his death, many cases of this illness were reported widespread. Again more details of sickness and death, this is the parallelism for this novel.As the reports of sickness and death came to inform Dr. Rieux, he tried to comfort and cure the plagued patients. About ninety percent of the people infected had died. He wanted a stop to this plague. Quickly he linked the rats with the people. He knew that the rats began to get sick before the people did. At this time many people had the plague, except for the Chinese visitors. They never were infected. As the plot moves on death, sickness and the plague are still relevant.He studied their behaviors and everyday tasks and learned that they do something that was never often done in these middle ages. Not many people in these days bathed. The doctor began to notice that the people that bathed never got sick. So he asked all of his, still living patients, to take baths frequently. This proved to be the miracle cure for the people. The doctor asked his other fellow doctors to follow the same practice with their patients. The word was spread and the plague was soon wiped out.So as you can see, the literary term of parallelism was deemed very relevant through the ongoing plot. Death, sickness, and the plague epresented the storys parallelism. Albert Camus made parallelism the main literary term for this novel, given away by the title, The Plague. We will write a custom essay on The Novel That I Chose To Do This Report On Was, The Plague, By Albert specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Analytical Characterization of Fatty Acids Essay Example

Analytical Characterization of Fatty Acids Essay Example Analytical Characterization of Fatty Acids Essay Analytical Characterization of Fatty Acids Essay 2 Besides its familiarity for toxicity and poisoning,3 it has uses for a number of diseases like asthma, muscle spasm, whooping cough, skin ulcer, hemorrhoids, anti-rheumatic etc. Its oil based preparation is used for healing of all types of wounds in Ayurveda and Siddha practice of medicine since long ago. 4 Datura species produces a number of small seeds encapsulated in an apple like fruit capsule; hence the name â€Å"thornapple† is based on this fact. The most common and medicinally important tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine, atropine nd scopolamine have been isolated from Datura species. Clarification of the dual effect of this plant requires extensive research for the exploration of chemistry and pharmacology of the plant under investigation. The present work is a part of these investigations focusing on the determination of fatty acids in oil extracted from Datura seeds. Due to biological importance5,6 fatty acids have gained importance in food nutrition evaluation 7-10 and in the diagnosis of certain diseases and pharmacology. 1 Fatty acids with unsaturation, either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, have been used in lowering the risks of heart disease, against inflammation and in enhancing the immunity or immune system. 12-17 A number of analytical techniques have been applied for the determination of fatty acids. These include: enzymatic, spectrophotometric, HPLC18-20 and gas chromatography (GC). 21-23 GC-MS is the method of choice for the analysis of fatty acids due to various reasons like speed, resolutions and sensitivity. 4,25 From the literature it appears that most of the research work performed is the determination of alkaloids which are main constituents of this genus. No remarkable work has been carried out for the determination of fatty acids in Datura alba seed oil which is needed in order to explore its pharmacological importance. 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 summarizes the results obtained from the GCMS analysis showing the relative concentration of individual esterified fatty acids based on the external standard method and the standard deviation values among the three results in each case. Analyses were performed three times and the values of area and concentration in Table 1 are the average of three measurement results. Quantification of FAMEs was performed using three points calibration curve * Corresponding author. Tel: 0092-91-9216240-43; Fax: 0043-512-5072767; E-mail: [emailprotected] com Fatty Acids in Datura alba Seed Oil by GC-MS J. Chin. Chem. Soc. , Vol. 58, No. 2, 2011 237 Table 1. Quantification results of fatty acid methyl esters # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Name C6:0; Hexanoic acid, methyl ester C8:0; Caprylic acid, methyl ester C10:0; Capric acid, methyl ester C12:0; Lauric acid, methyl ester C14:0; Myristic acid, methyl ester C15:0; Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester C16:0; Palmitic acid, methyl ester C16:1c; Palmitoleic acid, methyl ester C17:0; Margaric acid, methyl ester C18:0; Stearic acid, methyl ester C18:1c; Oleic acid, methyl ester C18:1n8T; Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester C18:2c; Linoleic acid, methyl ester C20:0; Arachidic acid, methyl ester C20:2; Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester Retention time (min. ) 3. 060 4. 957 6. 796 8. 552 11. 000 12. 670 14. 692 15. 213 16. 985 19. 704 20. 266 20. 433 21. 912 27. 306 29. 756 AreaO 19654 11442 3454 2928 39973 2407 2674581 8191 13220 427823 816146 86541 1554375 30982 22200 Conc. (%)O 0. 16 0. 11 0. 02 0. 1 0. 18 0. 01 6. 59 0. 21 0. 09 1. 35 5. 41 0. 92 16. 22 0. 22 0. 65 Std. Dev. * 0. 002 0. 003 0 . 002 0. 003 0. 010 0. 003 0. 020 0. 002 0. 003 0. 010 0. 003 0. 004 0. 002 0. 004 0. 005 * Standard deviation values for the three measurement results; O Average of three measurement results. with R2 value less than 0. 99 (R2 0. 99) in each case. Fig. 1 shows the GC-MS chromatogram obtained from fatty acid standard mixture of 37 components while Fig. 2 is the GCMS chromatogram of Datura alba seed oil with properly labeled signals of analytes detected. Both the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were found in the sample under investigations. Linoleic acid was found in highest concentration which is necessary for the maintenance of growth. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cyclooxiginase-2 (COX-2) catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis. 29,30 Among the other fatty acids with concentrations more than 1% are: Palmitic acid (6. 59%), Oleic acid (5. 41%) and Stearic acid (1. 35%) were found. Amount of rest of the fatty acids were less than 1% (Table 1). From the results it is clear that Datura alba seeds, besides its toxicity, can also be used in various pharmaceutical products as it contains different bioactive compounds like fatty acids. The method applied is a reliable method of analyzing imultaneously many fatty acid components in a single run. 3. EXPERIMENTAL 3. 1. Chemicals and reagents Boron triflouride solution in methanol (10%) was purchased from Fluka Chemie (Buchs, Switzerland). Sodium hydroxide solution (methanolic; 0. 5 N) and sodium chloride (analytical grade) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germa ny) while methanol (HPLC grade), n-hexane (HPLC grade) were from Fischer Scientific (Leicestershire, UK). Helium gas (99. 9999%) from Pak gas (United Arab Emirates) was procured. Tridecanoic acid methyl ester and Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) 37 components standard mix were obtained from AccuStandard (Newhaven, Connecticut USA). These 37 components are: methyl ester of hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, pentdecenoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, heptadecenoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, octadecadienoic acid, g-linolenic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid, eicosadienoic acid, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, behenic acid, eruccic acid, docosadienoic acid (C22:2), tricosanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and tetracosenoic acid. Deionized water was used through out the experimental work. 3. 2. Preparation of standard Internal standard was prepared by dissolving 13. 7 mg of tridecanoic acid methyl ester in 1 mL hexane. External standard was prepared by diluting 10 mg of 37 component FAMEs mix standard to 10 mL with di chloromethane. From this solution further working standard solutions were prepared. 238 J. Chin. Chem. Soc. , Vol. 58, No. 2, 2011 Qureshi et al. Fig. 1. GC-MS chromatogram of 37 components standard. Chromatographic conditions: inj. vol. : 1  µL, carrier gas: Helium, column: TRB-FFAP capillary column (length; 30 m, i. d. ; 0. 35 mm, thickness; 0. 50  µm, treated with polyethylene glycol), MS scanning: 85-380 m/z. 3. 3. Extraction of oil and preparation of FAMEs About 100 g powdered seed material was extracted with 250 mL n-hexane26 for six hours through soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extract was concentrated by recovering the solvent using rotary evaporator. Fatty acids are polar compounds and are not volatile. For gas chromatographic analysis it is necessary that the sample to be analyzed must be volatile. In order to make fatty acids present in the oil volatile, derivatizaion is performed prior to GC-MS analysis. Methylation is the most general method of converting non-vola tile fatty acids into volatile fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs). 7 Methylation of fatty acids was performed with BF3-methanol as derivatizing reagent, which is the most accepted procedure for converting fatty acids into FAMEs. 23 Derivatization was performed according to the AOAC standard reference method. 28 To a known amount of sample (equivalent to 25 mg fat) was added 0. 1 mL internal standard (1. 37 mg) and 1. 5 mL of sodium hydroxide solution in methanol (0. 5 N), sealed and heated in boiling water bath for 5 minutes. The hydrolyzed sample was cooled and added 2. 5 mL of boron triflouride solution in methanol (10%). The solution was then sealed and heated in boiling water bath for 30 minutes and cooled. To the esterified solution was added 5 mL saturated sodium chloride solution and extracted twice with 1 mL hexane. The hexane extract was filtered through 0. 45 mm membrane filter and injected 1 ml to GCMS using auto injector system. 3. 4. Chromatographic separation of FAMEs A gas chromatograph from Shimadzu hyphenated to a mass spectrometer QP 2010 plus (Tokyo, Japan) equipped with an auto-sampler (AOC-20S) and auto-injector (AOC20i) was used. Helium was used as carrier gas. All chromatographic separations were performed on a capillary column (TRB-FFAP; Technokroma) having specifications: length; 30 m, i. d. ; 0. 35 mm, thickness; 0. 250  µm, treated Fatty Acids in Datura alba Seed Oil by GC-MS J. Chin. Chem. Soc. , Vol. 58, No. 2, 2011 239 Fig. 2. GC-MS chromatogram of Datura alba seed oil. Chromatographic conditions: as in Fig. 1. with polyethylene glycol. Other GC-MS conditions are: ion source temperature (EI); 250  °C, interface temperature; 240  °C, pressure; 100 KPa, solvent cut time; 1. 8 min. 1  µL of sample and standard were injected into the GC column. Injector was operated in a split mode with a split ratio 1:50. Injection temperature was 240  °C. The column temperature program started at 50  °C for 1 min and changed to 150  °C at the rate of 15  °C/min. The temperature was raised to 175  °C at the rate of 2. 5  °C/min and hold for 5 minutes. Then the temperature was increased to 220  °C at the rate of 2. 5  °C/min and kept constant for 3 minutes. Total elution time was 43 minutes. MS scanning was performed from m/z 85 to m/z 380. GC-MS solutions software provided by the supplier was used to control the system and to acquire the data. Identification of the compounds was carried out by comparing the mass spectra obtained with those of standard mass spectra from the NIST library (NIST 05). REFERENCES 1. Nadkarni, K. M. 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